. The Great Pyramid . Khufu .
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Solar boats
Museum of the compound of the sun next to the pyramid
South pit boats
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In the vicinity of the Great Pyramid, 7 pits were found, some of which were boats. Five of them follow the pyramid of Khufu and two follow the pyramids of the queens. The two sunboats found south of Khufu pyramid were in good condition and closed.
The Sun Compound discovered in 1954
The two granite pits were discovered by the Egyptian archaeologist (1954). Parts of the Sun complex were removed from the eastern hole and re-installed by Egyptian experts. The second hole was examined in 1987. It was found to contain parts of a fully decomposed solar composite. It is also planned to be installed in the future. The first solar complex is displayed in the Sun compound museum next to the pyramid and visitors can see it.
The eastern pit is parallel to the pyramid on the south side and is 17 meters away. It is 31 meters long and 4 meters wide and 5 meters wide. The crater was blocked from the top of the occasional stone pieces on both sides of the northern and southern pit, and the openings between them were blocked with mortar that closed the hole completely. The number of pieces of stone used to fill the crater is 41 large pieces of different scales; their average measures are 5 and 4 meters long, 85 meters wide and 8 meters wide and 1 meter high, each weighing 15 to 20 tons.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
Numerous Egyptian hieroglyphs were found on the closing stones, including the names of the workers' groups that were responsible for transporting these stones, as well as 10 of the cartridges bearing the name of Pharaoh Khafra, who ruled after Khufu and the date of the placement of the vessels, "Year 11 of the Census.
The researcher Frenner concludes that some parts of the pyramid complex were made after the death of Khufu.
Another researcher, Haas, believes that the recorded history of the stones belongs to the Khufu era. Therefore, the registration of the stones of the closure was made during the reign of Khufu. Since Khufu ruled Egypt for a period of "13 years of the census
(for cattle)", these stones were prepared in his reign and stored, until the time of his death and burial. The timing of the stones was also not based on the rule of Khafra, since it was the rule of Egypt for the period of "8 years of the census" (the census of cattle was usually in ancient Egypt every two years, and therefore the rule of Khufu is at least 21 years. The status of the sunboats in the Khafra era was very late for the funerary rites performed to bury Khufu.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
The solar composite was disassembled in 1224 pieces and placed in the hole in 13 layers. It is a royal compound with plywood made of cedar wood from Lebanon. The boat consists of a paddle, five pairs of paddles, two steering fins and a mooring paddle on the beach.
The length of the boat is about 3 and 42 meters and the maximum width of 6 and 5 meters, and similar in shape form papyrus. It took about 10 years to re-install; it was placed in its museum for display in 1982 beside the pyramid.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
The scratches on the boat show that it was used during the reign of the king .. [84] But the Egyptian archaeologist believes that the boat did not descend into the water. There are traces and residues of wood at the site of the pyramid indicating that the Sun compound was manufactured at that site.
In 1987, small cameras inserted into the second hole showed that another vehicle was present and dismantled. German archaeologist Haas believes it is a sailboat.
After several years of preparation, a group of Japanese researchers from Waseda University, Tokyo, in cooperation with the Egyptian Antiquities Authority, began examining the contents of the second hole in 2009. The extraction of the vessel parts from the second hole began in June 2013.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
Excavators eastern boats
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On each side, north and south are the remains of the funerary temple of the Great Pyramid, a pit 50 meters long and 7 meters wide, with boats in the direction of the east, north of which is 6 meters, 23 meters, and the south is 6 and 24 meters away.
Stones close the sun compound hole
Those two holes were open for a long time and the fate of what was there is unknown. However, a fragment of the shoulder of a granite statue of the king and a stone limestone fragment with a hieroglyphic part were found in the northern pit. The origin of these finds may have originated from the funerary temple or from the road to the valley temple.
One of the eastern pits of the Khufu pyramid.
The two holes are larger than the two holes located south of the pyramid and form the largest solar boats in the pyramid area. Containing the sun boats. Their effects indicate that they were lined with stones and each was rectangular.
The closed hole (top), the composite as found (bottom)
A composite pit on the path of the temples
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A compound pit was discovered about 45 m east of the pyramid parallel to the road between the funerary temple and the valley temple. The length of the crater is 7 and 21 meters and has a depth of 3 and 4 meters, which is different from other craters. After several ladders one descends into a hole in a rocky floor. It may have been either a rite or a vessel that transported the king's mummy to the pyramid. In that hole was found a lion statue and wood debris covered with gold plates and a rope. It is not known whether these objects actually belonged to the boat since the pit was then used in the Old Testament as a cemetery. Some of the stones that lined the walls of the crater indicate that they were also covered with large pieces of stone.
The solar composite pit is located in the museum
Excavators boats pyramid queens
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These finds prove that during the reign of Khufu, the queens also had sunbathing. A compound pit south of the pyramid G I-a was found to be 22.7 meters long and 4,35 meters wide and 7 to 4 meters deep and apparently belonged to the royal pyramid.
During the 1950s, another compound pit was found south of the pyramid G I-b. It seems that what was found in the stones of the lining belonged to the cemetery was built there. It is likely that the crater that was built for the vessel was constructed after the hole located south of the pyramid G I-a. The pit is located between the
G-I-b and G-I pyramids.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
Explanation of solar boats
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Archaeologists differ in the interpretation of all those vessels found around the pyramid of Khufu. Archaeologist Archbishop Cerni believes that the four boats that existed or were located on the eastern and western sides were destined to carry the king in the four directions of heaven to the world of the Hereafter. The fifth vessel was the boat that carried the king's mummy to his tomb in the pyramid. Archaeologist Salim Hassan and Walter Emery believe that the boats were meant to carry the king's followers on their journey with the god Ra through the sky. The archaeologist Abu Bakr represents the view that these vessels were in the service of the king during religious rites and celebrations and when moving between holy places.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
Archaeologists have not yet reached an explanation for the fact that the vessels were found disjointed. One believes that the dismantling of the boats was to lift the magic of everything used in the funerary rituals of the king.
Sun compound in the Sun Museum in Pyramid
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